Unit 10 std 9 Ecology For Peace

ecology (ઈકોલોજી) પર્યાવરણ, જીવંતનાં એકબીજાં સાથેના અને આસપાસનાં પરિસ્થિતિ સાધનોનાં સંબંધો

peace (પીસ) શાંતિ

oneness (વનનેસ) એકરૂપ, એકતા

nature (નેચર) પ્રકૃતિ, પ્રકૃતિ

to express (ઈક્સપ્રેસ) વ્યક્ત કરવું

ancient (એન્શન્ટ) પ્રાચીન

text (ટેક્સ્ટ) ગ્રંથ

universal (યુનિવરસલ) વિશ્વવ્યાપક

value (વેલ્યુ) મૂલ્ય, ગુણ, મહત્તા

preservation (પ્રેઝર્વેશન) સુરક્ષા

prosperity (પ્રોસ્પેરિટી) સમૃદ્ધિ

species (સ્પિસીસ) જાત, પ્રકારે

to include (ઈન્કલૂડ) -નો સમાવેશ કરવો

mankind (મેનકાઈન્ડ) માનવજાત

unit (યુનિટ) એકક, સમુદાય

right (રાઈટ) હક્ક, અધિકાર

to thrive (થ્રાઈવ) સમૃદ્ધ થવું

to achieve (અચિવ) પેઈાવવું

co-living (કો-લિવિંગ) સહજીવન

to believe (બિલીવ) માનવું, વિશ્વાસ હોવો

religion (રિલિજન) ધર્મ

culture (કલ્ચર) સંસ્કૃતિ

planet (પ્લેનેટ) ગ્રહ

to gaze (ટુ ગેઝ) તાકી ને જોવું

message (મેસેજ) સંદેશ

to require (રિક્વાયર) જરૂર પડવી

presence (પ્રેઝન્સ) ઉપસ્થિતિ

to snatch (ટુ સ્નેચ) લૂંટવી

matter (મેટર) મામલો

purpose (પર્પોસ) હેતુ

animal (એનિમલ) પશુ

to progress (ટુ પ્રોગ્રેસ) પ્રગતિ કરવી

to benefit (ટુ બેનિફિટ) લાભ આપવો

to prevail (ટુ પ્રિવેલ) પ્રચલિત હોવું

scene (સીન) દૃશ્ય

immediately (ઇમિડિયેટલી) તત્કાળ

animate (એનિમેટ) સજીવ

inanimate (ઈનએનિમેટ) નિર્જીવ

universe (યુનિવર્સ) વિશ્વ

supreme power (સુપ્રીમ પાવર) પરમ શક્તિ

wisdom (વિઝડમ) વિદ્યાની શક્તિ

philosophy (ફિલોસોફી) તત્ત્વજ્ઞાન

harmony (હાર્મની) સુમેળ

to cover (ટુ કવર) ઢાંકવું

to embrace (ટુ એમ્બ્રેસ) આલિંગન કરવું

to exploit (એક્સપ્લોઇટ) શોષણ કરવું

to consume (ટુ કનસુમ) વપરાશ કરવો

aspect (આસ્પેક્ટ) પહેલું

abode (એબોડ) રહેઠાણ

to preach (ટુ પ્રિચ) પ્રવચન આપવું

non-violence (નોન વાયોલન્સ) અહિંસા

selfish (સેલ્ફીશ) સ્વાર્થી

to warn (વોર્ન) ચેતવણી આપવી

space (સ્પેસ) વિસ્તાર

grave (ગ્રેવ) કબર

limited (લિમીટેડ) સીમિત

war (વોર) યુદ્ધ

vulture (વલચર) ગિધ

crowded (ક્રાઉડેડ) ગૂંચવાયેલું

resource (રિસોસ) સ્રોત

sufficient (સફિશિયન્ટ) પર્યાપ્ત

grand (ગ્રાન્ડ) ભવ્ય

devotee (દિવોટી) ભક્ત

realism (રીઆલીઝમ) વાસ્તવિકતા

ordination (ઓર્ડિનેશન) સંનિવેશ

disciple (ડિસ્પેઈલ) શિષ્ય

immediate (ઇમિડિયેટ) તાત્કાલિક

arrow (એરો) તીર

stone (સ્ટોન) પથ્થર

video

peace

story

Comprehension 

Read the extracts and answer the questions.

(1)

The Vedas sing about oneness of man and nature. The idea expressed in the ancient texts have universal value. We have always tried for the preservation and prosperity of all the species including mankind on this earth.

1.What do the Vedas talk about?

Ans. The Vedas talk about the oneness of man and nature.

2.What have we always tried?

Ans. We have always tried for the preservation and prosperity of all the species including mankind on this earth.

3.The ideas expressed in the ancient texts have ………

Ans. The ideas expressed in the ancient texts have universal value.

(2)

The Atharva Veda gives us a great idea: It means the whole world lives as one single unit like a nest. All the living beings have the same right to live and thrive. This can be achieved through co-living only.

1.What does the Atharva Veda say about living beings?

Ans. The Atharva Veda says that all living beings have the same right to live and thrive.

2. How does the whole world live?

Ans. The whole world lives as one single unit like a nest.

3. How can we live as one single unit?

Ans. We can live as one single unit through co-living.

(3)

We are the birds of the same nest. We may wear different skin, different clothes, speak different languages, believe in different religions, belong to different cultures – yet we share the same home: our earth! Born on the same planet, covered with the same sky, gazing at the same stars, breathing the same air, we must learn to progress and prosper together happily or perish together miserably.

1.What must we learn?

Ans. We must learn to progress and prosper together happily or perish together miserably.

2. What do we share?

Ans. We are born on the same planet, covered with the same sky, gaze at the same stars and breathe the same air.

(4)

Our idea of peace does not mean just a state of ‘no-war’, neither is it limited just to men or countries and communities. But it embraces the whole nature and the whole creation.

1.What is our idea of peace?

Ans. Our idea of peace embraces the whole nature and whole creation.

2.To what is our idea of peace not limited?

Ans. Our idea of peace is not limited to men or countries and communities.

3.What does our idea of peace embrace?

Ans. Our idea of peace embraces the whole nature and the whole creation.

std-10 Unit 8 Comprehension

(1) Shubhangi : Why is it so ? I have observed the female in almost all the species is dull in comparison with the male.

Devangi : It seems that you have keen interest in birds.

Shubhangi : Oh yes, didi. See, Mitra didi is always busy with her projects.

Will you, please, tell me more about birds ?

Devangi : It is my interest and not Mitra’s.

I will be happy to talk about birds. Mitra, will you, please, bring a book I from my bag titled ‘Birds of India’ by Salim Ali ?

1. Who has a keen interest in birds ?

Ans. Shubhangi has a keen interest in birds.

2. The female in all the species is ……………

Ans. The female in all the species is dull in comparison with the male.

3. Name the book written by Salim Ali.

Ans. Birds of India.

4. What did Shubhangi want to know from Devangi ?

Ans. Shubhangi wanted to know about birds from Devangi.

(2) Devangi : Listen, Shubhangi, there are jungle birds, water birds and birds that live near human habitats. This tailor bird is a bird of our surrounding. It stitches its nest with green leaves and fibres of trees. That’s why it is called a tailor bird.

Shubhangi : That’s great ! But why do the female and the male have different colours ? We have same colours.

Devangi : Oye chhullbul ! There are two major types of birds : birds of prey and small birds. Birds of prey hunt small birds for food.

The female bird should be dull …

1) What are the different kinds of birds ?

Ans. The different kinds of birds are jungle birds, water birds and birds that live near human habitats.

2) Which bird is a bird of our surrounding ?

Ans. The tailor bird is a bird of our surrounding.

3) The tailor bird stitches its nest ..........

Ans. The tailor bird stitches its nest with green leaves and fibres of trees.

4) How does the tailor bird get its name ?

Ans. The tailor bird stitches its nest with green leaves and fibres of trees and so it is called a tailor bird.

5) Name the two major types of birds.

Ans. The two major types of birds are : birds of prey and small birds.

6) What do the birds of prey do ?

Ans. The birds of prey hunt small birds for food.

7) Why is the female bird dull in colour ?

Ans. The female bird is dull in colour so that it can hide itself from hunters as it is supposed to continue generations.

(3) Devangi : Birding is my passion, Mitra. Look, Shubhangi ! Here is a picture of a tailor bird’s nest.

Shubhangi : Wow ! It’s cool.

Devangi : Let’s talk about another interesting bird. Look this is the Indian Grey Hornbill. This bird is common in the Indian subcontinent. It has grey feathers all over the body with light grey and dull belly.

Shubhangi : Yup didi, Where does it live ?

Devangi : Its habitat is both in the wild as well as urban areas, especially large trees.

1) What is Devangi passionate about ?

Ans. Devangi is passionate about birding.

2) Where is the Indian Grey Hornbill usually found ?

Ans. The Indian Grey Hornbill is usually found in the Indian subcontinent.

3) Describe the Grey Hornbill.

Ans. The Grey Hornbill has grey feathers all over the body with light grey and dull belly.

4) Where does the Grey Hornbill live ?

Ans. The Grey Hornbill lives in large trees in both the wild as well as urban areas.

(4) Shubhangi : Its beak is quite strange, isn’t it ?

Devangi : Yes, dear. Its beak or bill has an extra portion like a horn and that’s why it is called hornbill. One more interesting thing is that it nests in hollows of tall trees. The female enters the nest hollow and seals it by the using mud-pellets supplied by the male. The male takes care of the female and its new-born chicks. It supplies food to the female and chicks.

Shubhangi : What a caring dude !

Devangi : Such a difficult task to feed the whole family ! For the whole day, it has to collect food. For its caring behaviour for female, it is called vahu ghelo in some areas of our state, meaning one who takes extra care of his wife.

1) How does the hornbill get its name ?

Ans. The hornbill’s beak or bill has an extra portion like a horn and so it is called hornbill.

2) Where does the hornbill build its nest ?

Ans. The hornbill builds its nest in the hollows of tall trees.

3) What does the female hornbill do ?

Ans. The female hornbill enters the nest hollow and seals it by the using mud-pellets supplied by the male.

4) What does the male hornbill do ?

Ans. The male hornbill takes care of the female and chicks.female and its new-born chicks by supplying food to them.

5. What does Shubhangi call the male hornbill ?

Ans. Shubhangi calls the male hornbill ‘a caring dude’.

(6) Shubhangi : When I visited my friend Nazmin’s home in the Polo forest, I saw many nests of weaver birds on babool trees.

So beautiful ! How do they build their nest ?

Devangi : Look at this picture in the book.

It is a weaver bird. The bird is known as sughari in Gujarati, meaning one who builds a beautiful house. Almighty has gifted us different skills and the weaver bird is gifted with the skill of weaving its nest. Weaver birds prefer long thread-like grass leaves to build their nests.

1. Where does Nazmin live ?

Ans. Nazmin lives in the Polo forest.

2. What did Shubhangi see in the Polo forest ?

Ans. Shubhangi saw many nests of weaver birds on babool trees in the Polo forest.

3. What is the weaver bird called in Gujarati ?

Ans. The weaver bird is called sughari in Gujarati.

4. Sugahri means ……… .

Ans. Sughari means one who builds a beautiful house.

5. Which skill is the weaver bird gifted with ?

Ans. The weaver bird is gifted with the skill of weaving its nest.

6. What does the weaver bird use to weave its nest ?

Ans. The weaver bird uses long thread-like grass leaves to build its nest.

(7) Shubhangi : Didi, who builds a nest, the male bird or the female bird ?

Devangi : Male weaver birds build nests.

It takes nearly 18 days to complete nest building. When the nest is half completed, the male invites the female for pairing by its song. If she accepts the nest, both of them finish the nest. If she doesn’t, the nest is abandoned.

Shubhangi : Then it must be very difficult for the male to build more than one nest.

Devangi : Yes, absolutely right. A male often makes many nests during the nesting season.

1. Who builds the weaver bird’s nest ?

Ans. A male weaver bird builds its nest.

2. How long does it take to complete the nest ?

Ans. It takes nearly 18 days to complete the nest.

3. What does the male do when the nest is half-completed ?

Ans. When the nest is half completed, the male invites the female for pairing by its song.

4. If the female weaver bird accepts the nest, ………

Ans. If the female weaver bird accepts the nest, both of them complete the nest.

5. What happens if the female weaver bird does not accept the nest ?

Ans. If the female weaver bird does not accept the nest, it is abandoned.

6. A male often makes ……… .

Ans. A male often makes many nests during the nesting season.

(8) Devangi : Shubhangi, the birds are not only our friends, but they also help us in many ways. You know the vulture. Generally people do not like vultures as they eat carcasses or dead animals. But they are called scavengers as they clean our surrounding by eating the rotten dead bodies.

Observe its beak in the picture.

It is designed to tear the flesh from dead bodies.

Shubhangi : Yes, the curve of the beak is very sharp. Didi, I have not seen any vulture soaring in the sky for last so many months. What is the reason ?

Devangi : At present people use medicine to cure sick cattle. When that cattle dies, vulture eats its body. Diclofenac is very harmful for the vulture. After eating such flesh, it slowly dies within a few days. Nearly 97% of vulture population is lost.

1. People do not like vultures because ………….

Ans. People do not like vultures because they eat carcasses or dead animals.

2. Why are vultures called scavengers ?

Ans. Vultures are called scavengers because they clean our surrounding by eating the rotten dead bodies.

3. The beak of the vulture ………….

Ans. The beak of the vulture is designed to tear the flesh from dead bodies.

4. Why are vultures not seen in the sky ?

Ans. People use a medicine called diclofenac to cure sick cattle and when these cattle die, the vultures feed on them and die within a few days as diclofenac is very harmful to them.

video

sanskrit

STD-9, Unit-9 Friend from the sky

creaks (ક્રીક્સ) કાઠી તૂટવાનો અવાજ

to catch cold (કૅચ કોલ્ડ) શરદી થવી

excitement (એકસાઇટમેન્ટ) ઉત્સાહ

control (કન્ટ્રોલ) નિયંત્રણ, કાબુ

to crawl (ક્રૉલ) ધીમે ધીમે ચાલવું, ભાંગભીંચે ચાલવું

to handle (હૅન્ડલ) ને બરાબર કાબૂમાં રાખવું, ચલાવવું

special (સ્પેશ્યલ) ખાસ, વિશેષ

centre (સેન્ટર) સંસ્થા, કેન્દ્ર

speech therapy (સ્પીચ થેરપી) બોલવાની ખોટ દૂર કરવાની સારવાર

subject (સબજેક્ટ) વિષય

exercise (એક્સરસાઇઝ) કસરત, વ્યાયામ

lonely (લોનલી) એકલું, એકલવાયું

neighbourhood (નેબરેજુડ) પડોશ

pastime (પાસટાઇમ) મનોરંજન

dim (ડિમ) ધુંધળું

movement (મુવમંટ) ગતિ

to scream (સ્ક્રીમ) મોટેથી ચીસ પાડવી

to bend down (બૅન્ડ ડાઉન) નીછે નમવું

to flap wings (ફ્લૅપ વિંગ્સ) પાંખો ફફડાવવી

lap (લૅપ) ખોળો

to wave (વૅવ) હાથ હલાવવો

faint (ફૅન્ટ) મૂર્છા, આશક્ત, નબળું

to arrive (અરાઇવ) આવી પહોંચવું, આવવું

puzzled (પઝલ્ડ) મુંજાઈ ગયેલું

route (રૂટ) માર્ગ

bill (બિલ) ચીઠ્ઠી

shovel (શવલ) પાવડી

exhausted (એગઝોસ્ટેડ) ખૂબ થાકી ગયેલું

native (નેટિવ) નું વતની, જન્મે કે મૂળ દેશ કે સ્થળનું

to migrate (માઇગ્રેટ) ઋતુ અનુસાર આવ-જા કરવી, સ્થળાંતર કરવું

region (રીજન) પ્રદેશ, વિસ્તાર

effort (એફર્ટ) સખત શ્રમ, જોરદાર પ્રયત્ન

flock (ફ્લોક) પક્ષીઓનું ટોળું

to bite (બાઇટ) બરચી ભરવું

to flutter (ફ્લટર) અચાનક ઉડ્યા વિના પાંખો ફફડાવવી

to huddle (હડલ) જૂથમાં ભેગા જવું

grains (ગ્રેન) અનાજના દાણા

to suggest (સજેસ્ટ) સૂચન કરવું

boiled (બૉઇલ્ડ) બાફેલું

to brighten (બ્રાઇટન) ચમકવું

peacefully (પીસફુલી) શાંતિથી

thrilled (થ્રિલ્ડ) રોમાચીત થવેલું

to introduce (ઇન્ટ્રોડ્યુસ) પરિચય કરાવવો

lame (લેમ) લંગડું

incident (ઇન્સિડન્ટ) ઘટના, બનાવ

to realize (રિઅલાઇઝ) સમજવું, જાણવું

delighted (ડિલાઇટેડ) ખૂબ ખુશ થયેલું

to treat (ટ્રીટ) સારવાર કરવી, -ની સાથે વ્યવહાર કરવો

royal (રોયલ) બારશાહી, ભવ્ય

guest (ગેસ્ટ) મહેમાન

to caress (કેરેસ) પોપાળવું

hopeful (હોપફુલ) આશાભર્યું

departure (ડિપાર્ચર) વિદાય

to lift (લિફ્ટ) ઉંચકવું

to shovel (શવલ) હસેલવું, હળવા મારવા

to disappear (ડિસઅપિયર) અદૃશ્ય થઇ જવું

reason (રીઝન) કારણ

friend from the sky

Mummy! let's give him some rice and milk, at once suggested Reshma. Her mother mixed boiled rice, milk and sugar and left near the bird in a little earthen pot. The child stole a glance at it. His eyes brightened and he started fluttering his wings, so that he could walk to it.

1) What did Reshma’s mother mix?

Ans. Rice and sugar.

2) What happened when the bird ate food?

Ans. When the bird ate the food, his eyes brightened and he started fluttering his wings.

From Salim Ali’s book ‘Indian Birds’ they found that it was a shelter duck. Its beak was broad and brown feathers. At the moment it looked exhausted.

1) Name the book written by Salim Ali.

Ans. The book is written by Salim Ali is ‘Birds of India.’

2) What was the name of the bird?

Ans. It was a shelter duck.

3) Describe the bird.

Ans. The bird had a broad beak and feather, blue-white and brown.

shoveller is not a native Indian bird. But it migrates from the cold regions of Russia. The strong winds have lost its way due to the heavy storm. It was almost exhausted and fell in the park.

1) From where does the shoveller migrate?

Ans. Shoveller migrates from the cold regions of Russia.

2) How did this bird lose its way?

Ans. It must have lost its way due to the heavy storm and got exhausted and fell in the park.

Reshma's mother tried to pick it up but the shelter duck fluttered to the door. She crouched down and reached out to the poor thing. It huddled in everyone and and they ran inside. Reshma tried to feed the bird and put breadcrumbs, nuts but did not touch any of them.

1) Name the things Reshma and her mother put before the bird to feed it.

Ans. Reshma and her mother put breadcrumbs, nuts, fruits and grams before the bird to feed it.

Mummy! what is the matter? asked Reshma. Her mother said, "It was Mitra’s mischief. She put some grass into it." It was Mitra’s mischief. She had removed the basket and secretively put some grass into it. It was Mitra’s mischief. She looked at the basket. It was empty. Reshma woke up. She looked at the basket. It was empty. She cried bitterly. Her mummy and papa searched for Mitra all over the house and at last found him near the water tub in the bathroom.

1) With what did Reshma prepare Mitra’s bed?

Ans. Reshma had prepared Mitra’s bed with grass.

2) What happened when Reshma woke up?

Ans. When Reshma woke up she found the basket empty.

3) What was Mitra?

Ans. Mitra was near the water tub in the bathroom.

unit-9 spelling test

Confidence-__________- આત્મ વિશ્વાસ 

_________-પિમ્પલ - ખીલ 

Consult - કોન્સલ્ટ - ______

________- અક્વાયર - મેળવવું 

Sterilized - સ્ટીરલાઇઝડ - ______

Chew - ચ્યું -______

Squadron- સ્ક્વાર્ડન- ______

______ - એક્ઝામિન – અવલોકન કરવું 

Fuel - ફ્યુઅલ - ______

Weapon - _______- શસ્ત્ર 

_______- કમાન્ડ - આદેશ 

Glossary:

Counsellor -

Depressed -

Chew-

Injurious-

Various -

Vanish-

Take off-

Haze-

Chalk out- 

Our Feathered friends

vultures heros of eco system Tailor Bird:

दर्जिन चिड़िया, ओर्थोटोमस वंश और सिल्वाइडी (Sylviidae) कुल से संबंधित छोटे आकार के पक्षी (फुदकी) हैं। इनकी कुल नौ प्रजातियां अस्तित्व में हैं। दर्जिन चिड़िया को उसका यह नाम उसकी घोंसला बुनने की खास कला के कारण मिला है। यह चिड़िया अपनी लंबी पतली चोंच से एक पत्ती या कई पत्तियों में छेदों की एक श्रृंखला बनाता है और फिर इन छेद के बीच से पौधों के रेशों, कीटों के रेशम और कभी कभी घरेलू इस्तेमाल के धागों को पिरो कर एक दर्जी की तरह पत्तियों की सिलाई कर इन्हें आपस में जोड़ देते हैं। इन सिली हुई पत्तियों के बीच बनी जगह में फिर घास-पात या रूई इत्यादि बिछाकर एक सुविधाजनक घोंसला तैयार किया जाता है।

Tailor Bird

HornBill:

धनेश एक पक्षी प्रजाति है जिनकी चोंच लंबी और नीचे की ओर घूमी होती है और अमूमन ऊपर वाली चोंच के ऊपर लंबा उभार होता है जिसकी वजह से इसका अंग्रेज़ी नाम Hornbill (Horn=सींग, bill=चोंच) पड़ा है क्योंकि अंग्रेज़ों ने इस उभार को सींग का दर्ज़ा दिया था। भारत में इसकी ९ जातियाँ पाई जाती हैं।

Hornbil

Hornbill nest

Weaver Bird:

વૈશ્વિકસ્તરે પક્ષીઓની નાતમાં ‘આર્કિટેકટ એન્જિનિયર’ની આગવી ઓળખ ધરાવનારા આ નર સુઘરી ખૂબ જ ચતુરાઈપૂર્વક માળાનું સર્જન કરે છે. આ માળો બનાવવા ડાળીનો છેડો પસંદ કરવા પાછળ આ પક્ષીનો હેતુ હોય છે કે, સાપ જેવા કોઇ ઘાતક જીવ તેના ઘર સુધી પહોંચી ના શકે, સ્વાભાવિક છે કે, પાતળી ડાળીના છેડે વજનદાર સાપ જાય તો બેશક નીચે જ સરકી જાય. માળામાં ભીની માટી રાખી સુગરી પવનથી પોતાના માળાને સુરક્ષા આપે છે, જેથી ભારે પવનમાં ઘાસથી બનેલો આ માળો ઉડી ન જાય. આ પક્ષીનું નામ 'સુગૃહી' શબ્દ પરથી પડ્યું છે, જેનો અર્થ સારું ઘર બનાવનાર થાય છે.

પ્રથમ દ્રષ્ટિએ જોતા જ ગમી જાય એવો આ વિશિષ્ટ રચના ધરાવતો માળો ત્રણ તબક્કે આકાર પામે છે તો અમુક નરનો માળો પ્રથમ તબક્કે જ માદા સુગરી ‘રિજેક્ટ’ કરે એટલે નાશ પામે છે. પ્રથમ તબક્કે વર્ષાઋતુની સીઝનમાં પાણી ધરાવતી જગ્યા અને કાંટાળા વૃક્ષની ડાળીનો છેડો પસંદ કરે છે ત્યાર બાદ ઘાસની પત્તીઓ ભેગી કરીને આ ‘એન્જિનિયર’ પગ અને ચાંચ વડે ગૂંથી માળાને ગોળ પ્રકારનો આકાર આપે છે.

સુઘરી માદા સુગરી નરને નહીં પણ તેના બનાવેલા માળાને પસંદ કરે છે અને એમ અનુક્રમે તે માળો બનાવનાર નર સુગરી સાથે સંવનન કરે છે. મેથી સપ્ટેમ્બર મહિના સુધીનો સમય આ પક્ષીના પ્રજનનકાળ માટે ઉત્તમ ગણાય છે. ગરમીની ઋતુમાં તેમના બચ્ચાઓ ભીની માટીવાળા માળામાં ઠંડકમાં ઉછેર પામે છે.

Weaver

Weaver Bird

r j devki

Vulture:

गिद्ध शिकारी पक्षियों के अंतर्गत आनेवाले मुर्दाखोर पक्षी हैं, जिन्हें गृद्ध कुल (Family Vulturidae) में एकत्र किया गया है। ये सब पक्षी दो भागों में बाँटे जा सकते हैं। पहले भाग में अमरीका के कॉण्डर (Condor), किंग वल्चर (King Vulture), कैलिफोर्नियन वल्चर (Californian Vulture), टर्की बज़र्ड (Turkey Buzzard) और अमरीकी ब्लैक वल्चर (American Black Vulture) होते हैं और दूसरे भाग में अफ्रीका और एशिया के राजगृद्ध (King Vulture), काला गिद्ध (Black Vulture), चमर गिद्ध (White backed Vulture), बड़ा गिद्ध (Griffon Vulture) और गोबर गिद्ध (Scavenger Vulture) मुख्य हैं।

ये कत्थई और काले रंग के भारी कद के पक्षी हैं, जिनकी दृष्टि बहुत तेज होती है। शिकारी पक्षियों की तरह इनकी चोंच भी टेढ़ी और मजबूत होती है, लेकिन इनके पंजे और नाखून उनके जैसे तेज और मजबूत नहीं होते। ये झुंडों में रहने वाले मुर्दाखेर पक्षी हैं जिनसे कोई भी गंदी और घिनौनी चीज खाने से नहीं बचती। ये पक्षियों के सफ़ाई कर्मी हैं जो सफाई जैसा आवश्यक काम करके बीमारी नहीं फैलने देते।

ये किसी ऊँचे पेड़ पर अपना भद्दा सा घोंसला बनाते हैं, जिसमें मादा एक या दो सफेद अंडे देती है।

vulture

Why vultures are dying in India

भारत में गिद्ध क्यों खत्म हो रहे है

Pelican:

pelican bird

Carnes:

Carnes

Rosy Pastors:

Rosy Pastor dance

Migratory rosy pastors

sanskrit

this

unit 12

unit 15

unit 16

Indian Fighter Jets

HAL Tejas:

એચએએલ (HAL) તેજસ (સંસ્કૃત: तेजस् "તેજસ્વી", એ ભારત દ્વારા વિક્સાવવામાં આવેલું હલકા વજનનું વિવિધ ભૂમિકા ધરાવતું જેટ ફાઇટર છે જે સંપૂર્ણ પણે સ્વદેશી ડિઝાઈન સાથે ભારતમાં જ તૈયાર કરવામાં આવેલું સૌપ્રથમ યુદ્ધવિમાન છે અને તેને ૧૦ જાન્યુઆરી ૨૦૧૧ને સોમવારે ભારતીય હવાઈ દળમાં સામેલ કરવામાં આવ્યું હતું. પ્રથમ તબક્કામાં ૨૦ વિમાન સામેલ કરવામાં આવ્યા. તે પૂંછડી વિનાનું[૧] અને એક જ એન્જિનથી ચાલતું કમ્પાઉન્ડ ડેલ્ટા વિંગ ડિઝાઇનનું વિમાન છે. અસલમાં લાઇટ કોમ્બેટ એરક્રાફ્ટ (એલસીએ (LCA)) તરીકે ઓળખાતા- કે જેનો ઉપયોગ સતત લોકપ્રિય રહ્યો હતો- તે એરક્રાફ્ટનું નામ 4 મે, 2003ના રોજ તે સમયના વડા પ્રધાન અટલ બિહારી વાજપેયી દ્વારા સત્તાવાર રીતે "તેજસ "નામ આપવામાં આવ્યું હતું.

Tejas

Tejas

Sukhoi Su-30MKI:

The Sukhoi Su-30MKI[a] (NATO reporting name: Flanker-H)[4] is a two-seater, twinjet multirole air superiority fighter developed by Russian aircraft manufacturer Sukhoi and built under licence by India's Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) for the Indian Air Force (IAF). A variant of the Sukhoi Su-30, it is a heavy, all-weather, long-range fighter.

Sukhoi Su-30MKI

Dassault Rafale:

The Dassault Rafale (French pronunciation: [ʁafal], literally meaning "gust of wind",^[3] or "burst of fire" in a more military sense)^[4] is a French twin-engine, canard delta wing, multirole fighter aircraft designed and built by Dassault Aviation. Equipped with a wide range of weapons, the Rafale is intended to perform air supremacy, interdiction, aerial reconnaissance, ground support, in-depth strike, anti-ship strike and nuclear deterrence missions. It is referred to as an "omnirole" aircraft by Dassault.

Rafale

Rafale

Balakot air strike

Balakot air strike 2

Dassault Mirage

kach

Fighter pilots

adolescent

ahttps://youtu.be/ua5irhpW6Kg?si=Iou_Sb2xYbC9q-n7

a

Std-10 Unit-6

Palm- પામ - હથેળી 

exiting - એક્સાઇટિંગ – રોમાંચક

Imitating- ઇમિટેટિંગ– નકલ કરવી

Thrilled - થ્રિલ્ડ - ઉત્તેજિત 

Flow - ફલો– વહેવું 

Objects- ઓબ્જેક્ટ – વસ્તુ 

Awakened - અવેકન્ડ – જાગવું 

Throb - થ્રોબ - ધબકવુ 

Satisfied - સેટિસફાઇડ - સંતોષવુ

Throat - થ્રોટ - ગળું 

Uttered - અટર્ડ -  બોલવું 

Boundless - બાઉન્ડલેસ - ખૂબ જ 

Delight - ડેલાઈટ - આનંદિત

Command - કમાન્ડ - આદેશ 

Miracle - મિરેકલ - ચમત્કાર 

Braille- બ્રેઈલ – અંધ તથા બહેરા વ્યક્તિ માટેનું ભાષા યંત્ર 

Ordinary - ઓર્ડીનરી - સામાન્ય 

Opportunity - ઓપરચ્યુંર્નિટિ - તક 

Abilities - એબિલિટી - ક્ષમતાઓ 

Instituation - ઇન્સ્ટિટ્યુશન – સંસ્થા

Arithmetic - એરિથમેટિક -  અંક ગણિત 

Overcome - ઓવરકમ - જીતવું 

Rapidly - રેપિડલી - ઝડપ થી

Indebted -  ઈન્ડેબ્ટેડ - દેવાદાર 

Neglected- નેગ્લેકટેડ – ઉપેક્ષિત 

Miseries - મિઝરીસ - દુઃખ 

Concerned - કન્સર્ડ - ચિંતિત 

std- 9 night train at Deoli Comprehension

 Read the extracts and answer the questions.

(1) When I was at college, I regularly spent my summer vacation in Dehra, at my grandmother’s place. I would leave the plains early in May and return late in July. Deoli was a small station about 50 km from Dehra. It was on the border of the heavy jungles of the Indian Terai.

1Where did the author spend his summer vacation?

Ans. The author spent his summer vacation at his grandmother’s place in Dehra.

2. When would the author go to Dehra and return from there?

Ans. The author would go to Dehra early in May and return late in July.

3. Where was Deoli?

Ans. Deoli was about 50 km from Dehra, on the border if the heavy jungles of the Indian Terai.

(2) I decided that one day I would get off the train at Deoli and spend the day there. I was eighteen, visiting my grandmother and the night train stopped at Deoli. A girl came down the platform selling baskets.

Question - What did the author see when the train stopped at Deoli?

Ans. When the train stopped at Deoli, the author saw a girl, who was selling baskets, coming down the platform.

(3) It was a cold morning and the girl had a shawl across her shoulder. Her feet were bare and her clothes were old. She was a young girl, walking gracefully towards me.

Question -

Describe the girl’s appearance.

Ans. The girl was young and she wore old clothes, with a shawl across her shoulder.

(4) When she came to my window, she stopped. She saw that I was looking at her intently, but at first she pretended not to notice. She had a pale skin, shiny black hair and dark eyes. And then those eyes, searching and lively, met mine.

1) How did the author react when he saw the girl for the first time?

Ans. When the author saw the girl for the first time, he could not stop staring at her.

2) Describe the young girl.

Ans. The girl had a pale skin, shiny black hair and dark eyes.

3) What did the girl see? What did she pretend?

Ans. The girl saw that the author was looking at her intently, but she pretended not to notice it.

4) What does the author say about the girl’s eyes?

Ans. The author says that the girl’s eyes were dark, searching and lively.

She noticed me at the door, and stood waiting on the platform. I walked across to the tea stall. A kettle was boiling on a small fire. The girl followed me behind the stall.

1. What did the author do when the girl moved on?

Ans. When the girl moved on, the author left his seat and ran to the carriage door.

2. What did the girl do when she saw the author at the carriage door?

Ans. When the girl saw the author at the carriage door, she stood waiting on the platform.

(7) The guard blew his whistle; she said something, but it was lost in the clanging of the bell and the hissing of the engine. I had to run back to my compartment. I watched her as the platform slipped away. She was alone on the platform and did not move, but she was looking at me and smiling. I watched her until the signal-box came in the way, and then the jungle hid the station. I could still see her standing there alone.

1) What was the girl doing when the train left the platform?

Ans. When the train left the platform, the girl was standing alone there and looking at the author and smiling.

2) Why could the author not hear what the girl said?

Ans. The author could not hear what the girl said because it was lost in the clanging of the bell and the hissing of the engine.

3) How long did the author keep watching the girl?

Ans. The author kept watching the girl till the signal-box came in the way and then the jungle hid the station.