Degrees of English language

Degrees of Comparison

Adjectives show the quality of a person, place, or thing.

When we compare, we use three degrees of comparison:

1. Positive Degree

👉 It only shows the quality, without comparing.

• Example:

• Riya is tall. (Here we are not comparing, just describing).

2. Comparative Degree

👉 It is used to compare two persons, places, or things.

👉 We usually add -er to short adjectives or use more with long adjectives.

• Example:

• Riya is taller than Siya.

• This book is more interesting than that one.

3. Superlative Degree

👉 It is used to compare more than two persons, places, or things (that means with all others in a group).

👉 We usually add -est to short adjectives or use most with long adjectives.

Example:

Riya is the tallest girl in the class.

This is the most interesting book of all.

✨ Important Rules for students:

Use than with comparative degree.

He is stronger than me.

Use the before superlative degree.

She is the best player.

Never use double comparatives/superlatives.

❌ more better → ✅ better

❌ most easiest → ✅ easiest

Simple memory line for students:

Positive = one

Comparative = two

Superlative = more than two

Excercise 

A. Change the degree:

Ramesh is strong. (Comparative, Superlative)

This road is long. (Comparative, Superlative)

Meera is beautiful. (Comparative, Superlative)

English is easy. (Comparative, Superlative)

My house is big. (Comparative, Superlative)

Fill in the blanks:

My brother is __________ (tall) than me.

Mount Everest is the __________ (high) mountain in the world.

This question is __________ (easy) than that one.

She is the __________ (intelligent) girl in the class.

A lion is __________ (strong) than a dog.

C. Correct the mistakes:

This bag is more heavier than that one.

She is the most brightest student.

Rahul is more better than Mohan in cricket.

This is the most easiest chapter.

He is more stronger than his brother.

D. Choose the right option:

Raju is (tall / taller / tallest) than Ramesh.

This is the (good / better / best) movie of the year.

Priya is the (beautiful / more beautiful / most beautiful) girl in our class.

The Ganga is (long / longer / longest) than the Yamuna.

Gold is the (precious / more precious / most precious) metal.

E. Short Writing Practice:

👉 Write 5 sentences comparing your family members/friends using all three degrees.

Example:

My sister is tall.

My sister is taller than me.

My sister is the tallest in my family.

Std-9, Unit-5 "Raani Ki Vav"

(1).   Rani ki Vaav (step-well) is an approved site on the world heritage list. It was declared by the UNESCO at the world heritage committee. UNESCO has recognized this masterpiece as an exceptional example of water management system.

Q1. Who declared Rani ki Vaav an approved site?

Ans. UNESCO declared Rani ki Vaav as an approved site.

Q2. What is the Vaav an example of?

Ans. The Vaav is an example of water management system.

(2)  Queen Udayamati, the widow of King Bhimdev – I, constructed this Vaav between 1022 and 1063 AD. Rani ki Vaav has become one of the most popular places to visit in Gujarat. King Bhimdev – I belonged to the Solanki dynasty of Anhilwad Patan. After his death, Udayamati took up the project for solving the problem of water scarcity faced by the people of Patan. Unfortunately, the queen also died before the completion of this structure. In the world of architecture, her beautiful idea has received immense appreciation.

Q1. To which dynasty did King Bhimdev – I belong?

Ans. King Bhimdev – I belonged to the Solanki dynasty of Anhilwad Patan.

Q2. Who constructed the Vaav?

Ans. Queen Udayamati, the widow of King Bhimdev – I constructed the Vaav.

Q3. Why did Queen Udayamati build the Vaav?

Ans. Queen Udayamati built the Vaav to solve the problem of water scarcity faced by the people of Patan.

Q4. When was the Vaav constructed?

Ans. The Vaav was constructed between 1022 and 1063 AD.

(3). Queen’s step-well or Rani ki Vaav is a seven-storeyed structure. This East-facing step-well is 64 metres long, 20 metres wide and 27 metres deep. Each sculpture, passage, pillar and pavilion in this magnificent structure has enchanting carvings. On its side walls there are around 800 sculptures.

Q1. What is carved on the side walls of the Vaav?

Ans. About 800 sculptures are carved on the side walls of the Vaav.

Q2. How many storeys does the Vaav have?

Ans. The Vaav has seven storeys.

Q3. How big is the Vaav?

Ans. The Vaav is 64 metres long, 20 metres wide and 27 metres deep.

Q4. Which parts of the Vaav have enchanting carvings?

Ans. Each sculpture, passage, pillar and pavilion in the Vaav has enchanting carvings.

(4) There are nearly 400 big sculptures of different gods and goddesses in the Vaav at present. These numbers would have been many more in the past in its original structure. Each storey has a narrow corridor for the visitors to appreciate the beauty of sculptures and carvings engraved on the walls. Even the pillars of the Vaav are not an exception to it. They display splendid artistic marvel on stone.

Q1. How many sculptures are there in the Vaav at present?

Ans. At present, there are 400 big sculptures of gods and goddesses in the Vaav.

Q2. Why does each storey have a narrow corridor?

Ans. Each storey has a narrow corridor for the visitors to appreciate the beauty of sculptures and carvings on the walls.

Q3. What do even the pillars display?

Ans. Even the pillars display splendid artistic marvel on stone.

Functions Of Language

Language's primary function is communication, enabling humans to share thoughts, ideas, and feelings. It also plays a crucial role in social interaction, shaping our thinking processes, and expressing our identities.  

1. Describing Person:

આ ફંક્શનમા વ્યક્તિનુ વર્ણન કરવાનુ હોય છે એટલે કે કોઈ સેન્ટેન્સ વ્યક્તિની વાત કરતુ હોય છે.

Key words: Who, Whose, Whom

🠊Veer is the boy who got the first prize.

🠊The boy who is singing is my brother.

🠊Shraddha is the girl whose purse is stolen.

🠊Rudra is the boy whose father is a doctor.

🠊Rameshbhai is the person whom we all respect.

🠊Rahi whom we met is very clever.

આ ઉદાહરણ આ ફંક્શનમા વિશેષણરૂપક શબ્દ વાપરીને પણ આવી શકે છે, જેમકે…

🠊Gandhiji was an honest man.

🠊Vishal is a tall and handsome boy.

2. Describing Thing:

આ ફંક્શનમા વસ્તુનુ વર્ણન કરવાનુ હોય છે.

Key words: Which, That

🠊The house which you bought is very nice.

🠊The book that is lying on the table, is famous for jokes.

🠊The book that you are reading, is written by Shakespeare.

3. Describing Location:

આ ફંક્શનમા કોઈપણ સ્થળ કે જગ્યાનુ વર્ણન કરવાનુ હોય છે. Which, Where ની મદદથી ગામ, શહેર, સ્થળોનાં નામ, બિલ્ડીંગનુ નામ, રેલ્વે સ્ટેશન, ડોકટર હોસ્પિટલ, શોપિંગ સેન્ટર જેવા સ્થળનુ નામ લેવાય છે.

Key words: Which, Where

🠊Panchgini is the place where we went for the picnic.

🠊Lal Killa, which is a famous monument, is in Delhi.

🠊The market was crowded with people.

🠊The Somnath temple which is a famous Shiva temple is in Gujarat.

4. Specifying Location / Place:

આ ફંક્શનમા કોઈપણ વ્યક્તિ કે વસ્તુ ક્યાં જગ્યાએ આવેલ છે તે બતાવી શકાય છે.

Key words: In, on, near, at, under, behind, here, there

🠊The programme is in the Town Hall.

🠊My house is on the T.B road.

🠊The temple is behind my house.

🠊They are playing on the ground.

5. Comparing Thing / Describing Degree of Comparison:

આ ફંક્શનમા એક વ્યક્તિ, વસ્તુ કે સ્થાનની સરખામણી બતાવવામાં આવે છે.

Key words: as…as / so…as… / -er than / more…than / the…est / the most

🠊Ritesh is as handsome as Renish.

🠊Mitesh is more hardworking than Sohan.

🠊Ahmedabad is hotter than Surat.

🠊Gold is the costliest metal in the world.

6. Describing Frequency of Time:

Key words: Always (હંમેશા), never (કદી નહિ), Sometimes (ક્યારેકવાર), often (વારંવાર), usually, generally (સામાન્ય રીતે), frequently (વારંવાર), occasionally (પ્રસંગોપાતે), almost never, daily (દરરોજ), everyday (દરરોજ), regularly

🠊I always go to school.

🠊Mona occasionally attends the party.

🠊Smeet never complains about homework.

🠊Maulik usually takes buttermilk in lunch.

🠊People usually write with the right hand.

🠊Sometimes my mother cooks Italian dishes.

🠊My grandmother often tells us a story.

🠊Scientists rarely believe in superstition.

🠊I generally prefer coffee to tea.

🠊My grandfather frequently goes for a walk.

7. Talking about Alternatives:

આ ફંક્શનમા વિકલ્પ દર્શાવવા માટે થાય છે.

Key words: Either…or / Neither…nor / Or

🠊What would you prefer, apples or grapes?

🠊Sit here or leave the classroom.

🠊I will go to school or to hospital.

🠊Manisha would take either tea or coffee.

🠊Either I or my brother will come.

🠊Shyam is neither a doctor nor a teacher.

🠊I will call either Raju or Nishu.

🠊My friend will go to school either by bicycle or by auto rickshaw.

🠊I will drink either tea or coffee.

🠊Manan will go to Bombay neither by car nor by train.

8. Describing Process:

આ ફંક્શનમા કોઈ ક્રિયા કેવી રીતે કરવી તેની કક્રમવાર પ્રક્રિયા દર્શાવવામાં આવે છે.

Key words: VERB થી શરૂ થતા句મા નવા ક્રિયાપદ વાપરાય છે.

🠊Pour some water into the pan and heat it for a while.

🠊Heat the milk and add some sugar to it.

🠊Put butter in a pan and boil it for some time.

🠊Go straight and then take a right turn.

🠊Take a glass of water; add some sugar; squeeze a lemon and stir it well.

🠊Open your wallet; take some money out and hand it over to me.

Functions

Functions of English Language 

Google slides

S.R. Unit-2 'Oh; Jalebies!'

I was in the fifth standard at the government school. One day, I went to school with four rupees in my pocket to pay the school fees. When I got there I found that the teacher who collected the fees, Master Ghulam Mohammed, was on leave and so the fees would be collected the next day. All through the day the coins simply sat in my pocket, but once school got over and I was on my way, they began to speak.

All right. Coins don’t talk. They jingle or go khanak-khanak (sound of jingling of coins). But that day they actually spoke! One coin said, “What are you thinking about those fresh, hot jalebis? Jalebis are meant to be eaten and only those with money in their pocket can eat them.”

What will be your answer to these coins?

“Look here, you four rupees,” I said to them. “I am a good boy. Don’t misguide me or it won’t be good for you. Besides, you are my fees money. If I spend you today, then how shall I show my face to Master Ghulam Mohammed in school tomorrow?”

The coins disliked what I’d said. All of them began to speak at the same time. There was such a clamour (loud unpleasant noise) that passersby in the bazaar stared at me and my pocket. I grabbed (caught tightly) all four of them and held them tight in my fist (મુઠ્ઠી) and then they were silent. But after taking a few steps, I loosened (released) my grip. Immediately, the oldest coin said, “Tell me honestly now, don’t you feel like eating those hot, hot jalebis? And then, if you spend us for today, won’t you get the scholarship money tomorrow? Sweets with the fees money, fees with the scholarship money!”

“What you’re saying isn’t right,” I replied, “but it isn’t that wrong either. Listen, I am not a common sort (type) of boy.” The coins argued, “But then, those jalebis are no common sort of jalebis either. They’re crisp, fresh and full of sweet syrup.”

The coins were so keen on being spent that day, they kept up their attempts. Finally I rushed to the shop. Terrified I was, but quickly I told the halwai to weigh a whole rupee worth of jalebis. The halwai opened up a whole newspaper and heaped a pile of jalebis on it.

Do you feel happy about this boy’s decision to eat jalebis? Why?

I clutched the jalebis to my chest and ran into a gali. When I reached a safe corner, I began to devour (eat greedily, consume) the jalebis. I ate so many… so many jalebis that if anyone pressed my stomach a little, jalebis would have popped out of (came off) my ears and nostrils.

Very quickly, boys from the entire neighbourhood assembled (gathered) in the gali. By that time I was so pleased with my stomach full of jalebis that I got into the mood for some fun. I started handing out jalebis to the children around. I dashed (rushed) to the halwai and bought one more rupee worth of jalebis, came back and stood on the chabutara of one of the houses, liberally distributing jalebis to the children. By now there was a huge mob (crowd) of children around me. The beggars too launched an assault (attacked)! I bought jalebis for the remaining two rupees as well and distributed them. Then I washed my hands and mouth at the public tap and returned home, putting on such an innocent face, as if I hadn’t even seen the hint of a jalebi all my life. Digesting jalebis became another matter. At night I had to eat my dinner as well.

The result was that all night I lay, coiled up like a jalebi, suffering a stomach ache. Thank God I didn’t have to eat all four rupees worth of jalebis by myself. In the morning, just like any other day, I went to school. I knew I would get the previous month’s scholarship that day and once I’d paid the fees with that amount, the jalebis would be completely digested. But when I got to school, I found out that the scholarship was going to be paid the following month. My head started to spin.

What would be your advice to this boy, now?

Master Ghulam Mohammed announced that the fees would be taken during the recess. When the recess bell rang, I left the school and walked on and on. Finally, I reached the railway station. I started praying to Allah miyan. “Just this once save me. Order a farishta to pass by and drop just four rupees in my pocket. I promise I will use them only to pay my fees and not to eat jalebis.”

There was a shade-giving tree beside the railway tracks. Earlier the entire matter seemed so simple: jalebis with the fees money and the fees with the scholarship money. I had known that I would get the scholarship the next month, I would have postponed (delayed) my jalebi eating programme to the next month as well. Now for the crime of eating a few jalebis, for the first time in my life I was absent from school. Sitting there under the tree, at first I felt like crying. Then I felt like laughing when it struck (suddenly became clear) me that the tears I was shedding were not tears but drops of jalebi syrup.

I got up from there and walked to the bazaar and waited for the school bell to ring, so that when the children came out, I too would walk home with them as if I had come straight from school.

The next day I did the same thing. I got dressed and left home, went up to the school gate and then turned off to the railway station. Under the same tree I sat and began to say the same prayers. I repeatedly pleaded (begged) “Allah miyan! At least give it to me today. Today is the second day.” Then I said, “All right come, let’s play a game. I will go from here to that signal. You secretly place four rupees under this big stone. I will touch the signal and come back.”

I went up to the signal and returned, smiling.

Finally after saying Bismillah, when I lifted up the rock, a big hairy worm got up. I screamed and ran away.

The black buck

Blackbuck (કાળીયાર) is the fastest of all the antelope (deer).

            

It is found mainly in India, but also in parts of Pakistan, Nepal, and some other countries. In India it is found mainly in Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. In Gujarat, black bucks are seen in Saurashtra. Its original habitat (living place) is open plain and not dense jungles. There is the famous Black Buck National Park at Velavadar in Bhal region of Saurashtra.

              

Let’s know something about the Blackbuck National Park at Velavadar. Blackbuck National Park at Velavadar is situated in the Bhavnagar District of Gujarat state, India. Established in 1976 in the Bhal region of Saurashtra, the park is located around 72 km from the district headquarter city of Bhavnagar.

Though the park is open throughout the year, the period between monsoon and winter normally, mid-June to March-end is a good period to see the blackbucks. The best time to visit Velavadar National Park is from December to March because many species of migratory birds which include three species of Harriers, Lesser Florican, Eagles, Waders and many other water birds arrive to spend winter.

Bhavnagar airport is connected with the international airports of Mumbai and Ahmedabad with daily flight frequency. The closest railway station is at the town of Dhasa, which is about 50 km from the park. The historical town of Vallabhipur is about 30 km away.

The blackbuck is also known as Krishna Jinka in Telugu language. It has been declared the state animal of Andhra Pradesh. Other local names for the species include Kala hiran, Sasin, Iralai Maan, Krishna Mriga in Kannada and Kalveet in Marathi.

According to the Indian mythology (પૌરાણિક કથા) Blackbuck or Krishna Jinka is considered as the vehicle of the goddess–Moon. According to the Garuda Purana Krishna Jinka brings prosperity in the areas where they live.

The blackbuck is famous for its spiral (સર્પાકાર) horns.

             

The distinctive (different type) horns of the blackbuck are ringed with 1 to 4 spiral turns. They can be as long as 28 inches. In the male, the upper body is black and the belly and eye rings are white. The light-brown female is usually hornless. Blackbucks usually roam on the plains in herds of 15 to 20 animals with one male leader.

On the open plain, the Blackbuck is one of the fastest animals and can outrun most predators (killers) over long distances. It can run 80 mph when necessary. Cheetah is said to be a threat for the black buck. Other wild animals such as wolves and wild dogs also prey upon (kill and eat for living) the blackbuck.

The blackbuck is a herbivore (શાકાહારી). It lives on grass, plants, flowers and fruits. The maximum life span recorded is about 16 years.

The blackbuck is hunted for its flesh and its skin. Although Indian law strictly prohibits the hunting of these endangered (under threat, about to extinct) animals, there are still occasional incidents of poaching (illegally catching or killing). The natural habitat of the blackbuck is taken away by human beings for domesticated (tamed) cattle or building houses. Like most wild animals, the blackbuck is in principle protected in India by the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972.

             

Poem-1 'my song' comprehension

Read the lines of the poem and answer the questions

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(1)

This song of mine will wind its music around you, my child, like the fond arms of love.
This song of mine will touch your forehead like a kiss of blessing.
When you are alone, it will sit by your side and whisper in your ear.
When you are in the crowd, it will fence you about with aloofness.

1. What will the song do when the child is in the crowd?
Ans. When the child is in the crowd, the song will protect the child.

2. What will the song do when the child is alone?
Ans. When the child is alone, the song will sit by his side and whisper in his ear.

3. The song will touch the child’s forehead like…
Ans. The song will touch the child’s forehead like a kiss of blessing.

4. The song will wind its music around the child like…
Ans. The song will wind its music around the child like the fond arms of love.

5. When the child is alone, the song will protect it. True or False?
Ans. False.

6. When the child is alone, the song will whisper in his ear. True or False?
Ans. True.

7. What is the antonym of the word ‘curse’?
Ans. blessing.

8. Which word in the poem means ‘to speak softly’?
Ans. whisper.

(2)

My song will be like a pair of wings to your dreams,

It will transport your heart to the verge of the unknown.

It will be like the faithful star overhead when dark night is over your road.

My song will sit in the pupils of your eyes, and will carry your sight into the heart of things.

And when my voice is silent in death, my song will speak in your living heart.

1. How will the song help the child’s dreams?

Ans. The song will be like a pair of wings to the child’s dreams.

2. What will happen when the child’s parents are no more?

Ans. When the child’s parents are no more, the song will speak in his living heart.

3. The song will transport the child’s heart…

Ans. The song will transport the child’s heart to the verge of the unknown.

4. ‘When dark night is over your road’ means…

Ans. ‘When dark night is over your road’ means when you are in trouble.

5. The song will sit in the pupils of the child’s eyes and…

Ans. The song will sit in the pupils of the child’s eyes and carry his sight into the heart of things.

6. The song will be like … to the child’s dreams.

Ans. The song will be like a pair of wings to the child’s dreams.

7. What is the synonym of the word ‘vision’?

Ans. sight.

8. What is the synonym of the word ‘loyal’?

Ans. faithful.

std-9. U-4 "Call Of The Hills" Comprehension

(1)

“Hey Abbu Miyan! Looking sad? Why are you sitting alone today? Where is your darling Kalua?”Govinda was worried. “Perhaps, I have lost her. I have seen her footprints going up the hill. That devil must have killed her.”

1. Why was Govinda worried?
Ans. Govinda was worried because Abbu Miyan was sitting alone and looking sad.

2. Where did Kalua go?
Ans. Kalua went up the hill.

3. “I have lost her.” Why did Abbu Miyan say this?

Ans. Abbu Miyan said this because he saw Kalua’s footprints going up the hill and so the devil must have killed her.

(2)

Poor Abbu Khan was almost in tears. He could not understand why Kalua broke the string and disappeared in the night. He used to give her green, juicy grass and tasty grains. But even then his only family member had left his house!

1. Why was Abbu Khan in tears?

Ans. Abbu Khan was in tears because Kalua had broken the string and disappeared in the night.

2. What did Abbu Khan give Kalua to eat?

Ans. Abbu Khan gave Kalua green, juicy grass and tasty grains to eat.

(3)

After some days Abbu Miyan bought another goat. This new one was pretty, white as snow, had two little horns and a pair of lovely bright red eyes. “I will call you Chandani,” caressing her soft fur he said.

1. Describe the new goat bought by Abbu Miyan.

Ans. The new goat was pretty, white as snow, had two little horns and a pair of lovely bright red eyes.

2. What did Abbu Khan call the goat?

Ans. Abbu Khan called the goat Chandani.

(4)

One fine morning his neighbour Govinda appeared. He saw Abbu Miyan talking to his only family member. “Hey Abbu Chacha, you look happy and healthy. How’s life now?”

“I am the happiest person, Govinda! Chandani has brought new life to me. She loves me a lot, and even I can’t live without her.” Abbu Chacha was beaming with joy.

1. Who was Govinda?

Ans. Govinda was Abbu Miyan’s neighbour.

2. What was Abbu Miyan doing?

Ans. Abbu Miyan was talking to Chandani – his only family member.

3. How did Abbu Chacha look to Govinda?

Ans. Abbu Chacha looked happy and healthy to Govinda.

4. Why was Abbu Chacha happy?

Ans. Abbu Chacha was happy because Chandani loved him a lot and even he could not live without her.

Std-10. Unit.4- A wonderful creation

(1) The good Lord was extremely busy that day. He was into his sixth day of overtime. When he was working with full concentration, an angel appeared and commented, “You are taking so much care for creating this creature.”

1. Why was the Lord extremely busy?

Ans. The Lord was extremely busy because he was creating a creature and was into the sixth day of overtime.

Ans. The angel commented that...

Ans. The angel commented that the Lord was taking so much care for creating the creature.

(2) “That’s true,” said the Lord. “Do you want to know the details?”

“What are they?” the angel was curious.

“All her parts should be movable and replaceable too. She has a lap that disappears when she stands up. I have to endow her with a kiss that can cure everything — from a broken leg to a broken heart. Moreover, she has to have six pairs of hands. She must be able to run on any food available and should have three pairs of eyes.”

1. Who was curious to know the details?

Ans. The angel was curious to know the details.

2. What does the Lord say about her parts?

Ans. The Lord says that all her parts should be movable and replaceable.

3. She has a lap...

Ans. She has a lap that disappears when she stands up.

4. What can her kiss do

ns. Her kiss can cure everything — from a broken leg to a broken heart.

5. How many hands and eyes should she have?

Ans. She should have six pairs of hands and three pairs of eyes.

The angel shook his head slowly and said,

“A mighty impossible task, I suppose. Six pairs of hands? No way!”

“No, these hands are not a problem for me. It is the three pairs of eyes that the mothers have to have.” The Lord looked puzzled.

“Oh, so you are creating a standard model of a mother? But three pairs of eyes? What for?” the angel got interested.

“One pair that sees her children through closed doors. Another pair to look at the children and say, ‘I understand and I love you.’ without uttering a word. And the third pair to see all secret things without opening them.”

1. What was a problem for the Lord?

Ans. Giving three pairs of eyes to the mother was a problem for the Lord.

2. What was the Lord creating?

Ans. The Lord was creating a standard model of a mother.

3. What will the first pair of eyes do?

Ans. The first pair of eyes will see the children through closed doors.

Std. 10. Unit-3 'An interview with Arun Krishnamurthy' Comprehension

1. Read the extracts and answer the questions.

(1) Arun Krishnamurthy was just 17 years old when he founded the NGO Environmentalist Foundation of India (EFI). Beginning with the Turtle Walk – a move to save turtle eggs and young hatchlings in Chennai, today Arun and his team of volunteers have cleaned beaches and various water bodies in Chennai, Hyderabad, Delhi, Coimbatore, and Puducherry. The team cleans lakes, beaches and zoos, plants trees, educates people through street plays and also makes environment-friendly paper bags. Arun’s team has students who joined him when they were in Class - 7 and continued to work with him even after five years.

1. Which organization did Arun found at the age of 17?

Ans. Arun founded an NGO called Environmentalist Foundation of India at the age of 17.

2. Which was the first activity of EFI?

Ans. The first activity of EFI was Turtle Walk – a move to save turtle eggs and young hatchlings in Chennai.

3. What have Arun and his team done?

Ans. Arun and his team have cleaned beaches and water bodies in Chennai, Hyderabad, Delhi, Coimbatore and Puducherry.

4. What are the activities of Arun’s team?

Ans. Arun’s team cleans lakes, beaches and zoos, plants trees, educates people through street plays and also makes environment-friendly paper bags.

(2) A beautiful lake next to my house, which once had a lot of birds, frogs and snakes, was heavily polluted. It led to the spread of mosquitoes and turned a lovely place into an ugly neighbourhood. This hurt me badly and I wanted to do something about it. I got together with a couple of my friends and cleaned the pond next to my house. This was the first activity.

1. Why was Arun hurt?

Ans.Arun was hurt because a lake next to his house was so polluted that it spread mosquitoes and turned the place into an ugly neighbourhood.

2. What did Arun do?

Ans. Arun got together with a couple of his friends and cleaned the pond next to his house.

(3) I have supportive parents who understood that my interest was the environment. They have never stopped me from doing what I want. On my part, I also made sure that I did not fail my parents in any way. I always informed them about everything that I did and took their advice before jumping into actions.

1. What does Arun say about his parents?

Ans. Arun says that his parents are supportive and understood his interest in environment and so they never stopped him from doing what he wanted.

2. How did Arun make sure that he never failed his parents?

Ans. Arun always informed his parents about his activities and took their advice before jumping into action.

(4) I have teachers who taught me how to go about things. They also taught me humility – so that I did not become snobbish or arrogant and start thinking I was a superstar because I was doing all this environment work. They taught me to be simple and keep learning all the time. I am not an activist, I am an environmentalist. I have learnt so much by doing this work.

1. What did Arun's teachers teach him?

Ans. Arun’s teachers taught him to be humble, simple and keep learning all the time.

2. Arun’s teachers taught him humility so that …

Ans.Arun’s teachers taught him humility so that he did not become arrogant or snobbish and start thinking that he was a superstar because he worked for the environment.

3. What does Arun call himself?

Ans. Arun calls himself and Environmentalist.

4. Why does Arun believe that he is an environmentalist and not an activist?

Ans. Arun belives that he is an environmentalist and not an activist because he keeps on learning so much from the environment and his work to protect the environment.